Start with the cover test
Double vision comes in two kinds, and they have very different causes. You can get a first clue at home, though only an eye exam can confirm it.
Look at a single object, such as a light or a line of text, with both eyes open. Then cover your right eye, then your left.
- The double image goes away when you cover either eye. That’s binocular double vision. Each eye sees one image, but the two eyes aren’t pointing at exactly the same place.[1]
- The double image stays when you cover your good eye, and goes away when you cover the affected eye. That’s monocular double vision, coming from the affected eye itself.[1]
If the doubling stays whichever eye you cover, both eyes may be affected, or there may be another cause, and an eye exam is needed.[1]
Double vision in one eye: where scleral lenses help
Monocular double vision usually has an optical cause inside that eye. The list includes an abnormally shaped cornea (keratoconus, keratoglobus, after refractive surgery), corneal scars, tear film problems, cataract, and problems with the macula.[1]
When the cornea is irregular, different parts of it can bend light to slightly different places, forming secondary “ghost” images alongside the main one.[2] A scleral lens covers the irregular cornea with a smooth optical surface, filled with fluid that evens out the bumps underneath. That targets the cause directly:
- In 157 keratoconus eyes that wore scleral lenses successfully for at least a year, average vision improved from 0.50 logMAR with glasses to 0.08 with scleral lenses.[5]
- In 35 eyes with irregular corneas after refractive surgery, scleral lenses significantly reduced higher-order aberrations, the irregular distortions that produce ghosting and halos.[4]
These studies measured sharpness and optical quality rather than ghosting itself, but they show the lens is correcting the irregularity behind it.
A scleral lens won’t fix monocular double vision from other causes on that list. If the ghosting comes from a cataract or from the macula, the lens can’t help with that part. A pinhole test helps your eye doctor tell them apart: doubling from optical causes clears through a pinhole, while distortion from the macula persists.[1]
More on the corneal causes: keratoconus, irregular astigmatism, corneal scarring.
Double vision with both eyes: a different problem
Binocular double vision usually comes from misalignment of the eyes. Causes include long-standing squints, problems with the nerves that move the eyes, eye socket disease, myasthenia gravis, and conditions in the brain.[3] The first step is always diagnosing and treating the cause. Treatments for the double vision itself include eye muscle surgery, prism glasses, exercises, and botulinum toxin.[3]
A standard scleral lens doesn’t change eye alignment. Custom lenses can do a little more:
- Prism scleral lenses. Prism can be built into the optical zone of a scleral lens, up to about 5 prism diopters because thicker lenses reduce oxygen to the cornea. Case reports describe people with vertical or horizontal double vision who regained single vision with custom-shaped scleral lenses carrying prism.[3] These are individual cases, not trials.
- Blocking lenses. When single vision can’t be restored, an opaque contact lens over one eye can remove the second image. The published examples mostly use soft lenses.[3]
Common questions
I have keratoconus and see a shadow or ghost around letters. Is that double vision?
It's a form of it, often called ghosting or monocular diplopia. The irregular cornea forms a second, fainter image alongside the main one. Correcting the corneal irregularity, which is what a scleral lens does, is the usual way to reduce it.
I still see some ghosting with my scleral lens. Is the lens wrong?
Not necessarily. Residual ghosting can come from a lens sitting slightly off-center, from aberrations that remain, or from other causes such as a cataract or tear film problems. Tell your fitter: design changes can help, and it's worth checking for other causes.
Can a scleral lens with prism fix double vision from misaligned eyes?
In some people, yes. Case reports describe custom scleral lenses with prism restoring single vision. A review suggests the best candidates have stable, small, consistent misalignment and no other eye disease. Prism in the lens is limited, and the underlying cause must be diagnosed and managed first, usually with a neuro-ophthalmologist or strabismus specialist.
