Allergies and contact lenses
Allergic conjunctivitis is common, and it’s becoming more so. It ranges from seasonal hay fever eyes to year-round allergies to dust mites or pets. It’s rarely sight-threatening, though it can seriously affect comfort, sleep and work.[1]
Two more severe forms, vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions that can involve the cornea and lead to complications. They need an eye doctor’s care.[1] Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) is also classed with the eye allergies. It’s linked to contact lens wear and to the small, repeated rubbing of an ocular prosthesis.[1]
Giant papillary conjunctivitis
GPC is a common complication of contact lens wear. Bumps (papillae) form on the inside of the upper eyelid, and people notice extra mucus, itching, blurry vision, and less tolerance of their lenses.[2]
Why it happens. It’s thought to come from a combination of mechanical rubbing of the upper eyelid lining and an immune reaction to deposits on the front of the lens.[2] With scleral lenses, the blinking eyelid moves over the lens, and debris and proteins that build up on the lens surface can act as triggers.[3]
Who is at higher risk. Risk factors include lenses that are replaced infrequently, long wearing times, inadequate lens hygiene, and having allergies in general (atopy).[2]
How common it is with scleral lenses. GPC can happen with any contact lens, but it’s particularly common with soft lenses.[3] We didn’t find a reliable rate for scleral lens wearers. Deposits, one suspected trigger, are a common scleral lens problem: in a keratoconus study they were recorded in 8.9% of eyes.[4]
How it’s managed. The outlook is excellent with proper management. In mild cases, a break from lens wear may be enough. More severe cases may need anti-allergy drops, and less often other medicines.[2] For scleral lens wearers, the options include a break from wear, better lens hygiene, a different lens material, and a new lens.[3] Which of these you need is your eye doctor’s decision.
Allergy drops and scleral lenses
The bowl of a scleral lens holds fluid against your cornea for hours, so what goes in it matters. Fill it only with the sterile, preservative-free solution your fitter prescribes. Benzalkonium chloride, a preservative used in about 70% of eye drop formulations, can damage the eye’s surface cells.[5] Preservatives in medicines are one of the known causes of toxic surface damage under scleral lenses.[3]
Ask your eye doctor:
- Whether to use your allergy drops before inserting the lens or after removing it
- Whether there’s a preservative-free version
- Whether any allergy medicine you take by mouth could be affecting your eyes. One review lists antihistamines among the many possible contributors to reduced corneal nerve function.[6]
Day-to-day steps that help
- Clean your lenses every night as your fitter showed you, including rubbing, to remove deposits before they build up. See cleaning and disinfecting.
- Keep to your replacement schedule. Old, coated lenses are harder to keep clean. See when to replace scleral lenses.
Common questions
Can I use my allergy eye drops while wearing scleral lenses?
Ask your eye doctor before you do. Many eye drops contain preservatives, which shouldn't be trapped in the fluid behind a scleral lens for hours. Your doctor can tell you whether to use the drops before you insert the lens or after you remove it, and whether a preservative-free option is available. Never add drops to the lens bowl unless you're specifically told to.
My lens feels fine in the morning but my eye gets itchy and stringy by afternoon. Is that GPC?
It might be, but other things can cause similar symptoms, including dry eye, a lens that needs cleaning or replacing, or a fit problem. Itching, mucus and lens discomfort are typical of GPC. Your fitter can check by flipping your upper eyelid and looking at its inner surface.
Do scleral lenses protect my eyes from pollen?
We couldn't find research testing this. A scleral lens covers the cornea, but the conjunctiva around it and under the eyelids, which is where allergic reactions mostly happen, is still exposed. Don't count on the lens as allergy protection.
Will taking an allergy pill dry my eyes and affect my lenses?
Ask your doctor or pharmacist. One review lists antihistamines among the many possible contributors to reduced corneal nerve function, but whether that matters for you depends on the medicine, the dose, and your eyes.
